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1 GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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2 Version 2.1, February 1999
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3
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4 Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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5 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
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6 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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7 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
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8
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9 [This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts
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10 as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence
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11 the version number 2.1.]
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12
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13 Preamble
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14
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15 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
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16 freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
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17 Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change
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18 free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.
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19
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20 This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some
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21 specially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the
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22 Free Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You
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23 can use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether
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24 this license or the ordinary General Public License is the better
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25 strategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.
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26
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27 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,
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28 not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that
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29 you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge
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30 for this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get
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31 it if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of
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32 it in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do
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33 these things.
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34
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35 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
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36 distributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these
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37 rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for
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38 you if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.
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39
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40 For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis
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41 or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave
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42 you. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source
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43 code. If you link other code with the library, you must provide
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44 complete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them
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45 with the library after making changes to the library and recompiling
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46 it. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.
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47
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48 We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the
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49 library, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal
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50 permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.
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51
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52 To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that
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53 there is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is
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54 modified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know
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55 that what they have is not the original version, so that the original
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56 author's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be
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57 introduced by others.
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58
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59 Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of
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60 any free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot
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61 effectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a
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62 restrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that
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63 any patent license obtained for a version of the library must be
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64 consistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.
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65
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66 Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the
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67 ordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser
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68 General Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and
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69 is quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use
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70 this license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those
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71 libraries into non-free programs.
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72
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73 When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using
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74 a shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a
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75 combined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary
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76 General Public License therefore permits such linking only if the
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77 entire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General
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78 Public License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with
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79 the library.
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80
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81 We call this license the "Lesser" General Public License because it
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82 does Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General
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83 Public License. It also provides other free software developers Less
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84 of an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages
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85 are the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many
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86 libraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain
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87 special circumstances.
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88
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89 For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to
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90 encourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes
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91 a de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be
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92 allowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free
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93 library does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this
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94 case, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free
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95 software only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.
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96
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97 In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free
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98 programs enables a greater number of people to use a large body of
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99 free software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in
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100 non-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU
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101 operating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating
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102 system.
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103
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104 Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the
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105 users' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is
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106 linked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run
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107 that program using a modified version of the Library.
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108
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109 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
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110 modification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a
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111 "work based on the library" and a "work that uses the library". The
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112 former contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must
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113 be combined with the library in order to run.
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114
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115 GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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116 TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
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117
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118 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other
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119 program which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or
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120 other authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of
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121 this Lesser General Public License (also called "this License").
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122 Each licensee is addressed as "you".
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123
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124 A "library" means a collection of software functions and/or data
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125 prepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs
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126 (which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.
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127
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128 The "Library", below, refers to any such software library or work
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129 which has been distributed under these terms. A "work based on the
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130 Library" means either the Library or any derivative work under
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131 copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a
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132 portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated
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133 straightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is
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134 included without limitation in the term "modification".)
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135
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136 "Source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work for
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137 making modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means
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138 all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated
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139 interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation
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140 and installation of the library.
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141
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142 Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
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143 covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
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144 running a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from
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145 such a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based
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146 on the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for
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147 writing it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does
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148 and what the program that uses the Library does.
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149
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150 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's
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151 complete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that
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152 you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an
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153 appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact
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154 all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any
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155 warranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the
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156 Library.
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157
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158 You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,
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159 and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a
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160 fee.
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161
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162 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion
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163 of it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and
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164 distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
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165 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
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166
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167 a) The modified work must itself be a software library.
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168
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169 b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices
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170 stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
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171
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172 c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no
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173 charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.
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174
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175 d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a
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176 table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses
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177 the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility
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178 is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,
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179 in the event an application does not supply such function or
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180 table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of
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181 its purpose remains meaningful.
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182
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183 (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has
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184 a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the
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185 application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any
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186 application-supplied function or table used by this function must
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187 be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square
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188 root function must still compute square roots.)
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189
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190 These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
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191 identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,
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192 and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
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193 themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
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194 sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
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195 distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
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196 on the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
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197 this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
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198 entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote
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199 it.
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200
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201 Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
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202 your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
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203 exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
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204 collective works based on the Library.
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205
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206 In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library
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207 with the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of
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208 a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
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209 the scope of this License.
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210
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211 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public
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212 License instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do
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213 this, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so
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214 that they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,
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215 instead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the
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216 ordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify
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217 that version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in
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218 these notices.
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219
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220 Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for
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221 that copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all
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222 subsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.
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223
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224 This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of
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225 the Library into a program that is not a library.
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226
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227 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or
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228 derivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form
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229 under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany
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230 it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which
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231 must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a
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232 medium customarily used for software interchange.
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233
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234 If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy
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235 from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the
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236 source code from the same place satisfies the requirement to
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237 distribute the source code, even though third parties are not
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238 compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
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239
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240 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the
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241 Library, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or
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242 linked with it, is called a "work that uses the Library". Such a
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243 work, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and
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244 therefore falls outside the scope of this License.
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245
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246 However, linking a "work that uses the Library" with the Library
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247 creates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it
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248 contains portions of the Library), rather than a "work that uses the
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249 library". The executable is therefore covered by this License.
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250 Section 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.
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251
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252 When a "work that uses the Library" uses material from a header file
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253 that is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a
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254 derivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.
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255 Whether this is true is especially significant if the work can be
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256 linked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The
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257 threshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.
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258
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259 If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data
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260 structure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline
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261 functions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object
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262 file is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative
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263 work. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the
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264 Library will still fall under Section 6.)
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265
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266 Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may
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267 distribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.
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268 Any executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,
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269 whether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.
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270
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271 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or
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272 link a "work that uses the Library" with the Library to produce a
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273 work containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work
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274 under terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit
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275 modification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse
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276 engineering for debugging such modifications.
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277
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278 You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the
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279 Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by
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280 this License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work
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281 during execution displays copyright notices, you must include the
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282 copyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference
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283 directing the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one
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284 of these things:
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285
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286 a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding
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287 machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever
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288 changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under
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289 Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked
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290 with the Library, with the complete machine-readable "work that
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291 uses the Library", as object code and/or source code, so that the
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292 user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified
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293 executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood
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294 that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the
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295 Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application
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296 to use the modified definitions.)
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297
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298 b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the
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299 Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a
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300 copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,
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301 rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)
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302 will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if
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303 the user installs one, as long as the modified version is
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304 interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.
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305
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306 c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at
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307 least three years, to give the same user the materials
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308 specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more
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309 than the cost of performing this distribution.
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310
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311 d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy
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312 from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above
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313 specified materials from the same place.
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314
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315 e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these
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316 materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.
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317
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318 For an executable, the required form of the "work that uses the
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319 Library" must include any data and utility programs needed for
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320 reproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,
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321 the materials to be distributed need not include anything that is
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322 normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major
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323 components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on
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324 which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies
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325 the executable.
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326
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327 It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license
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328 restrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally
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329 accompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot
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330 use both them and the Library together in an executable that you
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331 distribute.
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332
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333 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the
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334 Library side-by-side in a single library together with other library
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335 facilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined
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336 library, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on
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337 the Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise
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338 permitted, and provided that you do these two things:
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339
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340 a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work
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341 based on the Library, uncombined with any other library
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342 facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the
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343 Sections above.
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344
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345 b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact
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346 that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining
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347 where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.
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348
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349 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute
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350 the Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any
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351 attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or
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352 distribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your
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353 rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,
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354 or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses
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355 terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
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356
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357 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
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358 signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
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359 distribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are
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360 prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
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361 modifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the
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362 Library), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
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363 all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
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364 the Library or works based on it.
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365
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366 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the
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367 Library), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
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368 original licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library
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369 subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
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370 restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
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371 You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with
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372 this License.
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373
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374 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
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375 infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
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376 conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
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377 otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
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378 excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
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379 distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
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380 License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
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381 may not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent
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382 license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by
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383 all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
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384 the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
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385 refrain entirely from distribution of the Library.
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386
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387 If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any
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388 particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,
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389 and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.
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390
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391 It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
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392 patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
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393 such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
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394 integrity of the free software distribution system which is
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395 implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
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396 generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
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397 through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
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398 system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
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399 to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
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400 impose that choice.
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401
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402 This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
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403 be a consequence of the rest of this License.
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404
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405 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in
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406 certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
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407 original copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add
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408 an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,
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409 so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus
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410 excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if
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411 written in the body of this License.
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412
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413 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new
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414 versions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.
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415 Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,
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416 but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
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417
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418 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library
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419 specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and
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420 "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and
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421 conditions either of that version or of any later version published by
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422 the Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a
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423 license version number, you may choose any version ever published by
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424 the Free Software Foundation.
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425
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426 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free
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427 programs whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,
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428 write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is
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429 copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free
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430 Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our
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431 decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status
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432 of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing
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433 and reuse of software generally.
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434
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435 NO WARRANTY
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436
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437 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO
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438 WARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.
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439 EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR
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440 OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
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441 KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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442 IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
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443 PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE
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444 LIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME
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445 THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
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446
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447 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN
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448 WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY
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449 AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU
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450 FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR
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451 CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE
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452 LIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING
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453 RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A
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454 FAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF
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455 SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
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456 DAMAGES.
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457
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458 END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
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459
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460 How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries
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461
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462 If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest
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463 possible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that
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464 everyone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting
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465 redistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the
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466 ordinary General Public License).
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467
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468 To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is
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469 safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
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470 convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
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471 "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
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472
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473 <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
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474 Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
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475
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476 This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
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477 modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
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478 License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
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479 version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
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480
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481 This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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482 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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483 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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484 Lesser General Public License for more details.
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485
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486 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
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487 License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
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488 Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
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489
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490 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
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491
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492 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
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493 school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the library, if
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494 necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
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495
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496 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the
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497 library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.
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498
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499 <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990
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500 Ty Coon, President of Vice
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501
|
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502 That's all there is to it!
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503
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504
|
